PARTS OF SPINE HOW TO
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Fibrous annular and nucleus pulposa parts of the dog intervertebral disc.Intervertebral discs of the dog vertebrae and spine anatomy.Joints of the vertebral column of a dog.The processes of the dog caudal vertebrae.The body and arch of the dog caudal vertebrae.Caudal vertebrae and spine of the dog anatomy.The processes of the dog lumbar vertebrae.Another process of the dog thoracic vertebrae.The spinous process of the dog thoracic vertebrae.Body and arch of the dog thoracic vertebrae.Other cervical vertebrae anatomy of canine.They are merely decorative and are not the binding. These, like the raised ribs, used to have a real function, but today, they make the book look nice and cover up raw edges. Headbands and Tailbands: These are little strips of cloth, often striped, attached to the spine edges of the pages at the top and bottom of the text block.

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In the case of a leather-lined or edge-lined Bible, the end page is only a half end page - just the free portion. In a few cases, a lining material may only be a thin latex sprayed over the interior lining material, to look like leather. If a Bible is supposed to be leather-lined, then it should be a genuine leather of some kind, but it may be a bonded leather or a synthetic leather, or it could even cloth or paper. Lining: This is a material adhered to the insides of the cover on a softcover Bible, that you can see. If theyвЂ™re torn, you can see the hinge cloth on the spine. Hinge: Hinges on a book are formed by the pastedown portion of the end page and the free end page. When youвЂ™re describing other things you can see:Д®nd pages: These are generally the long pages that are glued down to the inside of the cover and form the hinge and the first page of the book (often colored, and in a Bible especially, made of leatherette, which is that standard coated paper). Many modern books use what is called вЂњsuper.вЂќ They fall apart because it is not at all вЂњsuper.вЂќ Hinge cloth is what actually attaches the cover to the book, under the end page. Actually, youвЂ™re not supposed to be able to see it, but if your book is broken at the hinge, you can see things youвЂ™re not supposed to see. YouвЂ™re not actually seeing sewing, but the reinforcement material. Hinge Cloth, or Mull: This is the mesh stuff over the binding. This is also ironically called вЂњperfect binding.вЂќ It means trouble when the glue strip pulls away or shrinks. This means the book has pages all cut to the same size and stuck up against a glue strip under the spine. You should be able to get to the middle of one of these signatures and see sewing running up and down the middle of it. If you look down on the top of the book, you should see something that looks like little booklets side by side. This means the book is comprised of groups of pages that are folded together, and theyвЂ™re all sewn together at the spine edge. Text block (or book block): The pages the вЂњgutsвЂќ of the book. When youвЂ™re describing the insides of the book: When we want to reduce the flexibility, we use more interior liner. Any stiffness or suppleness in a leather option, then, should be from the thickness of the hide and the way it was tanned and finished. Instead, we most often use a thin fiber liner that adds stability, but not stiffness. At LeonardвЂ™s we donвЂ™t use paper and weвЂ™ve discontinued the use of leather for the interior liner. When using a leather that is more stretchy, this is needed to stabilize the leather. In general, that can be anything from card stock to nothing at all. Interior liner: In a standard softcover, this is the part you donвЂ™t see, sandwiched in-between the cover material and the end page. On an antique family Bible, a thicker cover is made of several boards on top of each other, carved out in the middle, and then itвЂ™s covered with leather. It can be covered with paper, cloth, leather, or some other kind of material. A board is made of thick, hopefully non-acidic, cardboard on the inside, but some older books have very acidic boards.

These are the front and back parts of a hardcover book. These used to have a function, but that was a few hundred years ago. Raised ribs or bands: The horizontal lines on the spine, giving a 3-D effect because thereвЂ™s something under the leather. A spine can be very plain or embellished. Spine: The вЂњbackboneвЂќ of the book the part of the book that you see when you shelve it, the part you hold when youвЂ™re balancing the book on one hand while you read it. ThereвЂ™s the front cover, the back cover, and the spine cover. This is the part you see when the book is closed, whatever itвЂ™s made of. When youвЂ™re describing the cover of the book:Д¬over.

PARTS OF SPINE HOW TO

This post is for people who arenвЂ™t sure how to describe their book to us and just need to know a little bit about book lingo so weвЂ™ll both be on the same page.

Parts of spine